Your Relied On Partner: Premier Concrete Contractor Uses Top Quality Solutions

The Longevity and Beauty of Concrete Sidewalks



Beyond their durability, concrete sidewalks use a canvas for creative layout and personalization, boosting the general appearance of a neighborhood or business area. As we check out the detailed details of concrete walkways, it becomes apparent that their style goes beyond simple capability, making them an interesting topic of consideration for both experts in the sector and enthusiasts alike.




Concrete ContractorConcrete Companies Near Me

Advantages of Concrete Sidewalks



Enhancing pedestrian security and looks, concrete walkways use a long lasting and aesthetically attractive service for urban and suburban landscapes. Unlike some different products that might break down over time, concrete walkways have a lengthy life-span, calling for very little maintenance.


Furthermore, concrete walkways are highly versatile in regards to layout. They can be tailored to match the surrounding atmosphere, whether it be with different shades, structures, or patterns. This versatility allows for imaginative flexibility in urban preparation and landscaping projects, boosting the general visual allure of the location.


Additionally, concrete sidewalks are recognized for their reduced environmental impact. Concrete is a lasting material that can be reused, minimizing waste and adding to eco-friendly building and construction methods. By selecting concrete sidewalks, areas can prioritize both visual charm and environmental obligation in their infrastructure tasks.




Design Options for Sidewalks



When thinking about design choices for sidewalks, it is important to prioritize both capability and aesthetic allure in urban preparation and landscaping tasks. Concrete Companies Near Me. There are numerous style alternatives available to improve the aesthetic charm and capability of sidewalks




Legendary Concrete MariettaConcrete Companies Near Me
One preferred design option is stamped concrete, which enables elaborate patterns and appearances to be inscribed onto the surface, resembling the look of brick, rock, or various other materials. This offers a cost-efficient way to accomplish a premium look.


An additional option is subjected accumulated concrete, where the leading layer is removed to reveal the aggregate underneath, developing a textured and visually fascinating surface that likewise uses superb slip resistance. - Concrete Contractor


Colored concrete is a versatile option that can be personalized to enhance the surrounding environment or create visual interest. Integrating decorative aspects like borders, scoring, or staining can even more improve the overall design of the sidewalk.




Maintenance Tips for Longevity



To make certain the toughness and elegance of concrete walkways over time, correct maintenance is find more crucial in protecting their visual appeal and structural stability. Tiny cracks can be filled up with concrete caulk, while bigger damages may call for professional repair service to make certain the structural stability of the walkway. By adhering to these maintenance suggestions faithfully, concrete sidewalks can keep their appeal and capability for years to come.




Environmental Effect of Concrete



Concrete, an extensively made use of building and construction material, has considerable ecological effects that warrant cautious consideration in modern-day framework projects. The production of concrete involves the extraction of resources such as limestone and sand, contributing to habitat damage and environment disturbance. In addition, the production procedure launches a substantial amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that adds to environment modification. Concrete's longevity and long life can counter some of these environmental effects. When correctly preserved, concrete structures can find here have a lifespan of several decades, reducing the demand for constant restoration and the connected source intake.


To minimize the ecological impact of concrete, sustainable techniques such as making use of alternate cementitious materials, integrating recycled accumulations, and optimizing mix styles are being significantly adopted. By carrying out these approaches, the construction industry can proceed to profit from the resilience of concrete while minimizing its total ecological footprint.




Future Trends in Walkway Building And Construction





Considering the evolving landscape of lasting my latest blog post building practices, the future fads in walkway construction are positioned to transform the means concrete frameworks impact the atmosphere. In addition, the advancement of permeable concrete is getting traction in pathway building.


Another pattern on the horizon is the assimilation of smart modern technologies into pathways. These modern technologies can consist of embedded sensing units for keeping an eye on structural wellness, pedestrian traffic circulation, and even producing electricity with kinetic power. Additionally, the fostering of prefabricated concrete walkway areas can improve building and construction processes, minimizing waste and construction time. As sustainability becomes a progressively critical aspect of building, these fads in sidewalk building are most likely to form the future of city infrastructure growth.




Legendary Concrete MariettaLegendary Concrete Marietta

Conclusion



In final thought, concrete pathways offer countless advantages such as sturdiness and beauty. Despite worries regarding its ecological effect, concrete remains a preferred option for sidewalks.


Unlike some different materials that might break down over time, concrete sidewalks have a lengthy lifespan, calling for very little upkeep.To make sure the resilience and style of concrete walkways over time, correct maintenance is essential in protecting their aesthetic allure and structural stability.Considering the progressing landscape of sustainable building techniques, the future patterns in pathway construction are positioned to revolutionize the method concrete frameworks impact the setting. Furthermore, the growth of permeable concrete is getting grip in sidewalk building. The fostering of prefabricated concrete walkway areas can streamline building procedures, reducing waste and building time.

 

Transform Your Home: Specialist Concrete Contractor Services in Michigan

Checking Out the Different Types of Concrete Services Available



From fundamental putting and ending up services to elaborate attractive options, the globe of concrete services incorporates a broad variety of possibilities. As we browse with the various kinds of concrete solutions offered, we will certainly discover the transformative nature of this durable compound and just how it can elevate both the visual allure and capability of areas.




Pouring and Finishing Providers



 


What essential considerations should be taken right into account when supplying putting and finishing solutions for concrete jobs? When embarking on pouring and finishing solutions for concrete projects, several essential factors must be meticulously thought about to guarantee the success and longevity of the framework.


In addition, interest should be paid to the climate condition during the finishing and putting process, as severe temperatures or rainfall can negatively affect the high quality of the concrete. Maintaining appropriate healing methods after the concrete has been put is important to avoid splitting and make sure the strength and resilience of the ended up product. Employing seasoned and competent professionals for pouring and ending up solutions is paramount to accomplishing a premium and durable concrete project.




Concrete Contractor Ann Arbor MichiganConcrete Contractor

Decorative Concrete Options



When exploring attractive concrete choices, specialists should consider a variety of innovative techniques to enhance the visual charm of concrete surfaces. Ornamental concrete offers a functional and long lasting solution for numerous projects, supplying both functionality and elegance. One prominent option is stamped concrete, which resembles the appearance of products like stone, ceramic tile, or block, adding a touch of style to patio areas, walkways, and driveways. Staining is another method that can change plain concrete into a dynamic, tinted surface, allowing for modification to suit different design choices.


For a more extravagant coating, contractors can check out the possibilities of refined concrete, which creates a smooth and glossy surface appropriate for upscale interiors. Additionally, decorative overlays offer a means to renew existing concrete by including structure, patterns, or designs without the need for a complete replacement. By making use of these attractive concrete choices, specialists can raise the visual charm of spaces while keeping the resilience and longevity that concrete gives.




Concrete Fixing and Restoration



In the realm of construction and upkeep, concrete repair work and reconstruction are vital aspects that make certain the architectural integrity and long life of concrete surface areas (Concrete Contractor Michigan). In time, concrete frameworks can establish splits, spalls, or various other kinds of damage as a result of various variables such as weathering, heavy loads, or inadequate preliminary installment. Concrete repair service involves attending to these problems through strategies like crack shot, patching, or resurfacing to recover the concrete's performance and appearance


In addition, concrete remediation goes beyond simple fixings by enhancing the total condition and looks of the concrete surface. This process might entail cleaning, securing, or using safety finishings to avoid future damage and expand the lifespan of the structure. Expert concrete repair and remediation services not only enhance the aesthetic allure of concrete surfaces but also protect versus possible safety and security risks and structural deterioration.




Concrete Resurfacing Methods



Making use of advanced techniques and products, concrete resurfacing techniques supply an economical solution to revitalize used or wearing away concrete surface areas. This check this site out procedure entails applying a thin layer of cement-based overlay or a polymer-modified covering to existing concrete, developing a fresh, new surface without the requirement for considerable demolition. Concrete resurfacing can deal with different problems such as fractures, surface area, staining, or spalling blemishes, giving both visual improvements and useful renovations.


One common method of concrete resurfacing is microtopping, which involves applying a thin layer of cement-based or polymer-modified product to attain a smooth, sturdy surface. This strategy is suitable for enhancing i was reading this the appearance of driveways, patios, or interior floors. Another popular approach is using stamped concrete overlays, where a distinctive or formed coating is inscribed onto the resurfaced concrete, simulating the look of materials like timber, block, or rock.




Specialty Concrete Applications



Concrete Driveway ContractorConcrete Sidewalk Contractor
Building upon the enhancements achieved through concrete resurfacing methods, specialty concrete applications offer unique remedies tailored to details practical or aesthetic requirements. One notable specialty application is stamped concrete, which imitates the look of products like brick, slate, or rock while supplying the sturdiness and price of concrete.


Another significantly sought-after specialty concrete application is brightened concrete. This procedure includes grinding concrete surface areas to accomplish a smooth, glossy coating that is not only aesthetically attractive however also very easy to preserve. Polished concrete is commonly utilized in commercial and commercial settings as a result of its durability, resistance to spots, and reflective properties that can assist enhance illumination in indoor areas.




Conclusion



In final thought, the vast array of concrete services available cater to different requirements and choices. Discover the numerous kinds of concrete solutions to discover the ideal fit for your specific needs.


When exploring ornamental concrete choices, contractors need to think about a variety of ingenious methods to improve the aesthetic appeal of concrete surfaces.In the realm of building and upkeep, concrete repair service and repair are crucial elements that ensure the architectural integrity and longevity of concrete surfaces. Specialist concrete repair and remediation services not just boost the aesthetic charm of look at here now concrete surfaces however also safeguard versus possible security hazards and structural wear and tear.


Utilizing innovative approaches and materials, concrete resurfacing techniques provide a cost-efficient option to rejuvenate worn or wearing away concrete surface areas. Another preferred strategy is utilizing stamped concrete overlays, where a textured or formed surface is inscribed onto the resurfaced concrete, resembling the look of products like timber, brick, or rock.

 

Local Excellence: Legendary Concrete Brentwood Serving Your Community

Produce a Relaxing Hideaway With a Well-Designed Concrete Patio

 


A well-designed concrete outdoor patio can supply a versatile and visually pleasing room that beckons relaxation and comfort. As we discover the advantages, design options, material options, and upkeep strategies for your concrete outdoor patio, you will find the vital elements to transform your outdoor area right into a calm sanctuary worth spending time in.

 

 

 

Benefits of a Concrete Outdoor Patio



Concrete patio areas offer a low-maintenance and long lasting exterior room that boosts the functionality and appearances of any residential property. With their strong building and construction, concrete patio areas give a secure structure for numerous exterior tasks, from holding bbqs to establishing outside furnishings. Unlike wooden decks that require regular staining and securing, concrete patio areas just need occasional cleaning to keep their look. This low-maintenance function makes concrete outdoor patios an appealing choice for house owners seeking to enjoy their outdoor area without the headache of consistent maintenance.

 

 

 

Legendary Concrete BrentwoodLegendary Concrete Brentwood
Along with their resilience and low upkeep, concrete patio areas use convenience in style. Home owners can choose from a selection of finishes, such as stamped concrete or subjected aggregate, to personalize the look of their patio area. These design alternatives allow concrete patio areas to complement any kind of architectural design or landscape design, making them a functional selection for outside space. Generally, the advantages of a concrete outdoor patio make it a practical and visually pleasing enhancement to any type of residential or commercial property.

 

 

 

Designing Your Outdoor Patio Room



Crafting a welcoming exterior hideaway starts with thoughtful preparation and deliberate design options for your patio space. When designing your outdoor patio, think about the layout and flow of the location.


Choose for weather-resistant items that match the general aesthetic of your patio. Consider including outside lights to extend the use of the space right into the night hours.

 

 

 

Concrete ContractorConcrete Contractor
Additionally, including personal touches such as attractive cushions, outside artwork, or a water feature can boost the setting of your patio. By meticulously curating every detail, you can transform your concrete outdoor patio into a peaceful and fashionable resort that you'll love spending quality time in.


 

 

Picking the Right Materials



Picking suitable materials is a crucial element of creating a long lasting and aesthetically appealing patio area space. When picking products for your concrete patio area, consider variables such as longevity, looks, and upkeep requirements. Concrete is a prominent option because of its toughness and flexibility. It can be stamped, discolored, or brightened to create various looks that match your outside room.


For added warmth and texture, consider incorporating products like timber or rock right into the style. Wood decking can add an all-natural feeling and is comfy underfoot, while stone pavers provide an ageless look and are simple to preserve. Integrating different materials can develop aesthetic rate of interest and specify different areas within your patio.


In addition, focus on the top quality of materials to make sure durability and resistance to weathering. Select high-grade sealers and surfaces to protect the surfaces from discolorations, fading, and water damages. By very carefully selecting products that fit your style and climate, you can develop a properly designed concrete patio that boosts your outside living experience.

 

 

 

Adding Comfy Aspects



When improving your concrete patio with cozy components, it is vital to present components that not only give comfort yet likewise perfectly incorporate with the selected products and design aesthetic appeals. To create a warm and welcoming ambience, think about including luxurious exterior rugs that not just feel soft underfoot but additionally add a pop of shade and texture to the area. Cozy toss coverings and pillows can be purposefully positioned on outside furniture to encourage relaxation and produce a cozy space for lounging. Integrating an exterior fireplace or fire pit not just gives heat on cooler nights but additionally works as a centerpiece for celebrations, contributing to the total ambiance of the outdoor patio. In addition, installing soft outdoor illumination such as string lights or lights can improve the comfortable ambience and prolong the use of the patio into the night hours. By thoroughly choosing and including these comfy elements, you can transform your concrete outdoor patio right into a tranquil resort where you can loosen up and appreciate the outdoors in comfort.

 

 

 

Upkeep Tips for Durability

 

 

Legendary Concrete BrentwoodLegendary Concrete Brentwood
To make certain the durability of your concrete outdoor patio, routine maintenance is vital to maintaining its appearance and structural honesty. Begin by cleaning up the patio surface area on a regular basis to eliminate dust, particles, and spots. A mix of mild soap and water can work well for regular cleaning. Avoid making use of severe chemicals or stress washing machines, as they can damage the concrete. Securing the concrete every 2-3 years is also essential to protect it from water damages, UV rays, and general damage. Before securing, guarantee the patio area is completely dry and clean to permit the sealer to stick correctly.


Examine the patio occasionally for any type of splits, chips, or indications of wear. Promptly repair any kind of damage to stop it from aggravating. For small cracks, you can utilize a concrete patching substance. In instances of significant damages, consulting a specialist might be necessary. Additionally, be mindful of heavy furnishings or sharp things that might scrape or dent the concrete surface area. By adhering to these upkeep suggestions, you can enjoy your properly designed concrete patio area for several years to come.

 

 

 

Verdict



In conclusion, creating a properly designed concrete outdoor patio can supply many advantages, such as resilience, flexibility, and aesthetic charm. By thoroughly preparing the layout and choosing the ideal products, you can transform your exterior room right into a relaxing hideaway. Including comfy components like exterior furnishings and plants can boost the total atmosphere. Normal upkeep will certainly make certain the longevity of your patio, allowing you to appreciate it for several years ahead.


As we discover the advantages, layout alternatives, product options, and upkeep methods for your concrete patio, you will discover the essential elements to change your outside space right into a tranquil haven worth spending time in. Concrete Contractor.


Concrete patio areas supply a sturdy and low-maintenance outdoor area that enhances the capability and aesthetics of any type of building. With their strong building, concrete outdoor patios provide a steady structure for various outside tasks, from hosting barbeques to establishing up exterior furniture. These layout options enable concrete patio areas to complement any type of building design or landscape layout, making them a flexible selection for Concrete Contractor outdoor living spaces. By very carefully picking materials that fit your design and environment, you can develop a well-designed concrete outdoor patio that improves your outside living experience.
 

An Unbiased View of Foundation Contractors Near Me

The Of Concrete Company


Uploaded on December 05, 2019 Concrete is a crucial building material for both residential and business rooms, with the global market approximated to be over $395 billion. And this is truly not shocking, given that concrete is the most widely made use of building material in the globe. This brings us to the important function that a concrete contractor plays in helping you develop your center.




Concrete CompanySilers Concrete Cutting
This is one of the most vital variables to look out for when choosing a concrete specialist; they should have the best certificate and qualification for the work. Make certain the certificate is recent and current, especially because it requires to be restored regularly. Additionally, service providers that are signed up with industry organizations such as the Pennsylvania Aggregates and Concrete Association (PACA) often tend to stay on top of the newest information in the building and construction sector and prevalent safety and security requirements.


Customer reviews are just one of the most effective ways to judge a firm's track record and trustworthiness in business. Research regarding what individuals need to claim about a particular concrete professional and after that make your choice - cement contractors near me. It is suggested that you keep away from contractors that have negative evaluations online, as this might signify carelessness on their part




Getting The Concrete Companies Near Me To Work


Concrete Pouring Near MeConcrete Companies Near Me
In such a case, it is important that the specialist that you have actually hired is experienced sufficient to tackle such issues that come their method. Competency is everything about keeping backup consider mind and working your way around it. A backup plan will make sure that any unnecessary hold-ups do not interfere with project completion.


Watch for any hidden charges that the contractor has actually not clearly identified in the quote or agreement. Consider it as a red flag and avoid collaborating with such professionals as they are generally not trustworthy. A trustworthy contractor will recognize the genuine expenses entailed in structure or revamping your facility and if they cling their work, they will never ever attempt to hit you with concealed costs.


It is suggested that you start by determining a listing of prospective contractors and after that evaluate them on the factors highlighted above.




Indicators on Concrete Contractors Near Me You Should Know


Uploaded on February 26, 2020 If you are taking into consideration starting a job that needs a concrete professional, it is vital to hire the right one for the work. Locating a trustworthy concrete specialist that finishes the work quickly, gives high quality work, and connects with you can be complicated. If you consider the complying with ideas on exactly how to find a good concrete contractor, the whole procedure will be a great deal easier.




 
Concrete Contractors Near Me

see here now
You can depend on their individual experience with the possible service providers and, because of this, you can see to it they can offer high quality work and can finish the task promptly. Attempt not to leave anything up for conversation when it pertains to creating written contracts. Be sure that you think about all facets of the task, and it placed them right into composing.


A pair of points to take into consideration when making a contract are the job schedule, needed products, settlement, and that is in charge of cleansing up the job website when the task is full. If every little thing remains in composing, you can ensure that points are running efficiently and going the manner in which you reviewed.




The 10-Minute Rule for Concrete Company


Getting multiple written estimates from knowledgeable service providers is an excellent idea to ensure that you can compare prices. Comparing costs alone is essential, yet you additionally intend to consider the quality of job too. At the end of the day, you intend to get the finest quality of job provided for the very best rate.


If your job calls for an authorization, make sure that you choose a contractor that can acquire the permit quickly before breaking ground.


When making a decision, you ought to assess these interactions and figure out if they are the best suitable for the job. If you want someone who will certainly address your inquiries, put in the time to fulfill with you, and who replies to you without delay, monitor the interactions you have actually had and asses each prospect from there.




Concrete Contractors Near Me Fundamentals Explained


Make certain to ask the reference concerns relating to different facets of the job. Some excellent inquiries to ask are: It is also an excellent idea to get in touch with an older recommendation, perhaps from a couple of years back. By doing this, you can see how well the concrete job held up with time.


Whether you are trying to find decorative concrete, concrete driveways, or perhaps even a driveway patio, be specific that the service provider has experience in these locations - https://greatbizlisting.com/concrete-contractor/silers-concrete-cutting-tacoma-washington-2/. A service provider that has experience will see to it to utilize quality concrete, and locate the appropriate sort of concrete for each and every job. One more thing you may consider is the qualification of the specialist


Occasionally, points might not go the method we anticipate on the work website. If something does take place, you desire to guarantee that you have insurance and that your firm is not responsible (cement contractors near me). You wish to be positive that your home or industrial project will be covered in the event of a mishap.




All About Concrete Company




 



Remember the service offered differs from the item solution is the activity while the concrete product is the sort of concrete used. While some contractors supply a large range of items, others could be a lot more specialized and just provide a few. Although it prevails for these kinds of concrete to be used side-by-side in construction, they supply various aspects of a project. https://bestbizlistingsever.com/concrete-contractor/silers-concrete-cutting-tacoma-washington-2/.


This is the kind many individuals think about when a building task needs concrete. It generally includes a standard mix style and a compressive stamina of 2,500 PSI to 3,000 PSI.

 

Getting My Foundation Contractors Near Me To Work

The Greatest Guide To Concrete Companies Near Me


People planning to do government contracting may additionally wish to check into programs that cover the legislations there. Image By Billion Photos The various other option, rather than obtaining a bachelor's level, can be discovering in the area. https://leadingbizdirectory.com/concrete-contractor/silers-concrete-cutting-tacoma-washington-2/. Beginning as a fundamental worker and working your means up is a choice, but there are additionally official apprenticeships that may deserve working right into


An apprenticeship isn't necessarily faster than university, taking 3-4 years to do, and consists of classroom and functional training. In either event, the following action in just how to become a concrete specialist is mosting likely to be obtaining a professional permit for your state - concrete companies near me. Usually, a potential professional needs to be a minimum of 18 years old, and have 2 to 4 years of experience.




Foundation Contractors Near MeConcrete Contractors Near Me
This may include buying a mixer. Every one of this devices, products, and training expenses money, not to mention the expenses of working with brand-new employees. You need to have a plan in location to get the funds you need to operate prior to your capital starts working. Price quote just how much you believe you need, then start seeking the funds, setting out your goal in your business plan.


There are usually much more parties associated with the end result, and the tasks are larger in scale than residential job. One possession that every concrete service need to be checking out prior to they start procedures is an efficient job management software program like e, BELOW. When you're initial beginning a service, this helps you arrange your financial documents to ensure that you're earning money on those early concrete jobs.




Concrete Contractors Near Me Things To Know Before You Buy


A: Diamond Licensed helps you choose a concrete contractor with confidence by offering a listing of top ranked neighborhood business that have passed the nation's most thorough ranking process. Just concrete service providers rated Highest in Quality and Helpful Proficiency earn the prestigious Ruby Certified honor. The majority of companies can't pass the ratings.




 
Concrete Repair Near Me


, so you'll really feel confident selecting a Ruby Licensed concrete contractor. Concrete is utilized to make concrete.




A: Topsoil does require to be eliminated prior to the concrete is put. Topsoil and various other natural product are also unstable to support pieces of concrete.




Concrete Repair Near MeConcrete Pouring Near Me
A: Concrete is available in almost any form, pattern and color. There are numerous specialty materials available such as concrete kinds, stamps, dyes, structure patterns, and spots, and so on. These applications can be utilized both inside and beyond your home. If you can imagine the decorative finish, it can be done by a skilled concrete specialist.




5 Easy Facts About Concrete Company Shown


There are basic skills that the ordinary home owner does not have. Some basic abilities that are called for are utilizing a hammer, chalk lines, and saws; nonetheless, even more specific skills include using straightedge, a concrete lawn edger, a hand float and others. Besides using devices, other areas of knowledge consist of website excavation, preparing the subgrade, placing in concrete form.


Also, concrete is quite hefty and the timing of the ending up of the job is essential. For all of these factors and more, a lot of home owners really feel that it is essential to hire a concrete service provider to do their concrete project (https://businesscitationlocal.com/concrete-contractor/silers-concrete-cutting-tacoma-washington-2/). A: The advised time can be at any time from 3 to 7 days relying on the load that will certainly get on it


A: Your concrete demands to air dry for one month prior to you use a sealant. A sealant prevents dampness from entering the concrete which assists maintain the concrete from weakening during weather cycles of cold and thawing. Sealers are typically reliable for a couple of years however ask your concrete professional for details application prices.


If the curing is not done appropriately, it can reduce the strength of your concrete by a big percent. Correct treating additionally maintains your concrete from cracking and diminishing. A: Concrete needs to be regularly cleaned with sweeping and hosing it once in awhile. Keep damp fallen leaves off of concrete as they might tarnish the concrete.




Concrete Contractors Near Me for Beginners


 



Posted on January 12, 2022 in Franks (concrete pouring near me) Similar to any type of solution, a little prep work in selecting the best service provider will make all the difference in your ended up job. Right here are the top 10 points to look out for before employing a person to do attractive concrete help you


Watch out for a service provider with even more than one or 2 issues. At the minimum, you must be able to see a profile of completed jobs. Preferably, see their projects to take a look at the work. If you're able to speak to their previous clients, here are some questions you should consider asking: Would certainly you employ this contractor again? Were you satisfied with the top quality of the work? Exactly how did the professional handle cleanup content every day? Was the professional simple to work with? Exactly how did the service provider take care of differences and function modifications? Was the job completed in a timely manner and at the quote? Otherwise, why not? Did the professional depictive return telephone call and e-mails and maintain their word? Since needs vary state by state, consult the suitable agency to see if the contractor is effectively certified and insured in your regional are.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15